Assessing Magnesium status is difficult because most
magnesium is inside cells or in bone. The most commonly used and readily available
method for assessing magnesium status is measurement of serum magnesium
concentration, even though serum levels have little correlation with total body
magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Other methods for
assessing magnesium status include measuring magnesium concentrations in
erythrocytes, saliva, and urine; measuring ionized magnesium concentrations in
blood, plasma, or serum; and conducting a magnesium-loading (or “tolerance”)
test. No single method is considered satisfactory. Some experts but not others
consider the tolerance test (in which urinary magnesium is measured after
parenteral infusion of a dose of magnesium) to be the best method to assess
magnesium status in adults. To comprehensively evaluate magnesium status, both
laboratory tests and a clinical assessment might be required.
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